Interventional Radiology Procedures

What is interventional radiology?

Interventional radiology (IR) is the medical specialty in which radiologists use imaging — X-ray, ultrasound, CT, and MRI — to guide tiny needles, catheters, and devices through the body to diagnose and treat diseases.

Most procedures are done through pinpoint skin punctures (no big incision), often with light sedation rather than general anesthesia, and many patients go home the same day. IR is sometimes called "surgery, reimagined through a needle."

What we treat

• Uterine fibroids and enlarged prostate — non-surgical embolization
• Blocked arteries and veins — angioplasty and stenting
• Stroke — clot removal (thrombectomy)
• Active bleeding — trauma, GI bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage
• Liver, kidney, and lung tumors — ablation
• Cancer-targeted therapies — Y-90 radioembolization, chemoembolization
• Spinal compression fractures — vertebroplasty / kyphoplasty
• Image-guided biopsies and drainages
• Central lines, ports, and feeding tubes
• Vascular malformations

How to prepare

• Most procedures require fasting for several hours before
• You may be asked to adjust blood thinners (aspirin, clopidogrel/Plavix, warfarin/Coumadin, eliquis, xarelto) — do not stop these on your own without specific instructions
• Bring a list of all medications and allergies
• Arrange for someone to drive you home if you'll receive sedation
• Bring comfortable, loose-fitting clothes for the trip home

What to expect during your procedure

Procedures typically take 30 minutes to a few hours, depending on what is being done. Most patients receive moderate (conscious) sedation — you'll be relaxed and comfortable, but able to respond.

The IR team will:

• Numb the skin where the catheter or needle goes in
• Watch the imaging closely as they work
• Keep you informed throughout

Some procedures require an overnight hospital stay; many are outpatient.

Is it safe?

Modern interventional procedures are remarkably safe. They typically involve lower risk of bleeding, infection, and shorter recovery time than traditional open surgery for many of the same problems. Specific risks vary by procedure and will be discussed in detail during your consultation, so you can give informed consent.

After your procedure

Most patients have a small bandage at the access site (groin, arm, or wrist) and may be sore for a day or two. You'll receive specific instructions about activity, lifting, driving, and showering.

Many people return to work within a few days. Your IR team will arrange any follow-up visits or imaging needed and will be available if questions or problems come up afterward.